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Belgian Art History and Sitemap



Despite its size, Belgium has a long and distinguished artistic tradition that goes back to the Middle Ages, considerably pre-dating the foundation of the current state in 1830.
Art from the areas making up modern Belgium is called in English Netherlandish up to the separation with the Netherlands from 1570 on, and Flemish until the 18th century.
Important monasteries in Belgium were centres of production in Carolingian art and Ottonian art, and later the area producing Romanesque Mosan art is now largely in Belgium.

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Veduta | Il Vedutismo

Johannes Vermeer (Dutch Baroque Era painter, 1632-1675) | View of Delft, 1660-1661 | Mauritshuis, The-Hague

A veduta (Italian for "view"; plural vedute) is a highly detailed, usually large-scale painting or, more often, print of a cityscape or some other vista. The painters of vedute are referred to as vedutisti.
This genre of landscape originated in Flanders, where artists such as Paul Bril painted vedute as early as the 16th century.
In the 17th century, Dutch painters made a specialty of detailed and accurate recognizable city and landscapes that appealed to the sense of local pride of the wealthy Dutch middle class.
An archetypal example is Johannes Vermeer's View of Delft.

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Bulgarian Art History and Sitemap

 Pavel Mitkov, 1977 | Impressionist /Abstract painter

The early impetus of Bulgarian traditions in the arts was cut short by the Ottoman occupation in the 14th century, and many early masterpieces were destroyed.
Native artistic life emerged again in Bulgaria during the national revival in the 19th century.
Among the most influential works were the secular and realist paintings of Zahari Zograph in the first half of the century and Hristo Tsokev in the second half.
At the end of the 19th century and beginning of the 20th century, Bulgarian painters such as Anton Mitov and the Czech-born Ivan Mrkvichka produced memorable works, many of them depicting the daily life of the Bulgarian people.

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20th century Artists | Sitemap

Twentieth-century art - and what it became as modern art - began with modernism in the late nineteenth century.
Nineteenth-century movements of Post-Impressionism (Les Nabis), Art Nouveau and Symbolism led to the first twentieth-century art movements of Fauvism in France and Die Brücke ("The Bridge") in Germany.
Fauvism in Paris introduced heightened non-representational colour into figurative painting.
Die Brücke strove for emotional Expressionism.

Henri Matisse | Woman on a Terrace, 1907 | Hermitage Museum St. Petersburg

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Hudson River School of painter

Hudson River school, large group of American landscape painters of several generations who worked between about 1825-1870.
The name, applied retrospectively, refers to a similarity of intent rather than to a geographic location, though many of the older members of the group drew inspiration from the picturesque Catskill region north of New York City, through which the Hudson River flows.
An outgrowth of the Romantic movement, the Hudson River school was the first native school of painting in the United States; it was strongly nationalistic both in its proud celebration of the natural beauty of the American landscape and in the desire of its artists to become independent of European schools of painting.

Thomas Moran (1837-1926)

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Argentine Art History and Sitemap

Argentina has a rich history of different types of art.
Throughout the centuries it has changed, and finally became what it is today.
An Argentine painting refers to all the pictorial production done in the country of Argentina throughout the centuries.


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MusicArt | Sitemap

"Musical training is a more potent instrument than any other, because rhythm and harmony find their way into the inward places of the soul; on which they mightily fasten, imparting grace, and making the soul of him who is rightly educated graceful, or of him who is ill-educated ungraceful" - Plato.


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Canadian Art History and Sitemap

Canadian art refers to the visual (including painting, photography, and printmaking) as well as plastic arts (such as sculpture) originating from the geographical area of contemporary Canada.
Art in Canada is marked by thousands of years of habitation by First Nations Peoples followed by waves of immigration which included artists of European origins and subsequently by artists with heritage from countries all around the world.
The nature of Canadian art reflects these diverse origins, as artists have taken their traditions and adapted these influences to reflect the reality of their lives in Canada.


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17th century Artists | Sitemap

The 17th century was the century that lasted from January 1, 1601, to December 31, 1700, in the Gregorian calendar.
It falls into the Early Modern period of Europe and in that continent (whose impact on the world was increasing) was characterized by the Baroque cultural movement, the latter part of the Spanish Golden Age, the Dutch Golden Age, the French Grand Siècle dominated by Louis XIV, the Scientific Revolution, and according to some historians, the General Crisis.
The greatest military conflicts were the Thirty Years' War, the Great Turkish War, and the Dutch-Portuguese War.
It was during this period also that European colonization of the Americas began in earnest, including the exploitation of the silver deposits, which resulted in bouts of inflation as wealth was drawn into Europe.


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18th century Artists | Sitemap

18th century Art - Painting, sculpture, music, architecture, interior design, evolving from the Baroque to an elegant Rococó style and Neoclassicism, and, at the end of the century, another transformation to the Romantic style.

Thomas Gainsborough | Rococo Era /Romantic painter

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Chinese Art History and Sitemap

The Chinese art in the Republic of China (Taiwan) and that of overseas Chinese can also be considered part of Chinese art where it is based in or draws on Chinese heritage and Chinese culture.
Early "stone age art" dates back to 10,000 BC, mostly consisting of simple pottery and sculptures.
After this early period Chinese art, like Chinese history, is typically classified by the succession of ruling dynasties of Chinese emperors, most of which lasted several hundred years.
Chinese art has arguably the oldest continuous tradition in the world, and is marked by an unusual degree of continuity within, and consciousness of, that tradition, lacking an equivalent to the Western collapse and gradual recovery of classical styles.

DU Kun 杜昆, 1982 ~ Revels of the Rock Gods | Surrealist painter

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16th century Artists | Sitemap

The 16th century begins with the Julian year 1501 and ends with either the Julian or the Gregorian year 1600 (depending on the reckoning used; the Gregorian calendar introduced a lapse of 10 days in October 1582).
The 16th century is regarded by historians as the century in which the rise of the West occurred. During the 16th century, Spain and Portugal explored the world's seas and opened worldwide oceanic trade routes.
Large parts of the New World became Spanish and Portuguese colonies, and while the Portuguese became the masters of Asia's and Africa's Indian Ocean trade, the Spanish opened trade across the Pacific Ocean, linking the Americas with Asia.

Francesco Bacchiacca ~ High Renaissance painter

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Swedish Artists | Sitemap

Swedish art refers to the visual arts produced in Sweden or by Swedish artists.
Sweden has existed as country for over 1,000 years, and for times before this, as well as many subsequent periods, Swedish art is usually considered as part of the wider Nordic art of Scandinavia.
It has, especially since about 1100, been strongly influenced by wider trends in European art.
After World War II, the influence of the United States strengthened substantially. Due to generous art subsidies, contemporary Swedish art has a big production per capita.

Anders Zorn | Waking up, 1898 Watercolor on paper

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Danish Artists | Sitemap

Danish Art is the visual arts produced in Denmark or by Danish artists. It goes back thousands of years with significant artifacts from the 2nd millennium BC, such as the Trundholm sun chariot. For many early periods, it is usually considered as part of the wider Nordic art of Scandinavia.
Art from what is today Denmark forms part of the art of the Nordic Bronze Age, and then Norse and Viking art.
Danish medieval painting is almost entirely known from church frescos such as those from the 16th-century artist known as the Elmelunde Master.
The Reformation greatly disrupted Danish artistic traditions, and left the existing body of painters and sculptors without large markets.

Hans-Andersen-Brendekilde-Wooded-Path-In-Autumn-1902

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The Barbizon school of painters

The Barbizon school of painters were part of an art movement towards Realism in art, which arose in the context of the dominant Romantic Movement of the time.
The Barbizon school was active roughly from 1830-1870.
It takes its name from the village of Barbizon, France, near the Forest of Fontainebleau, where many of the artists gathered. Some of the most prominent features of this school are its tonal qualities, color, loose brushwork, and softness of form.
In 1824 the Salon de Paris exhibited works of John Constable, an British painter.

John Constable | Tramonto sulla Senna

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Baroque Art History and Sitemap

Baroque was the principal European style in the visual arts of the 17th century.
The term covers various national styles that range from the complex and dramatic Italian art of the 17th century to the restrained genre scenes, still-lifes and portraits characteristic of the Dutch Baroque.
In Italy, Caravaggio painted altarpieces and introduced innovations such as dramatic lighting effects that influenced painters like Artemisia Gentileschi. Other artists, such as the Giovanni Battista Gaulli and Pietro da Cortona, executed illusionistic ceiling paintings.

Johannes Vermeer | Girl with a Pearl Earring, 1665

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Czech Art History and Sitemap

Alphonse Mucha (Czech Art Nouveau Printmaker, 1860-1939)

Czech art is the visual and plastic arts that have been created in the Czech Republic and the various states that formed the Czech lands in the preceding centuries.
The Czech lands have produced artists that have gained recognition throughout the world, including Alfons Mucha, widely regarded as one of the key exponents of the Art Nouveau style, and František Kupka, a pioneer of abstract art.
The Czech lands have produced several important finds of prehistoric art, notably the Venus of Dolní Věstonice, a pottery Venus figurine of a nude female dated to 29,000–25,000 BC, and a distinct style of Celtic art.

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15th century Artists | Sitemap

At the end of the Middle Ages, art across Europe was dominated by a decorative and refined manner known as the International Style.
Ornate, with brilliant color and gilding, it reflected courtly tastes and continued, for some time, to attract patrons in Milan, Ferrara, and other aristocratic Italian cities, even as more naturalistic Renaissance styles began to take root elsewhere.
By the mid-1400s, in Florence especially, both artists and patrons had begun to embrace new subjects and approaches.


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Women Artists | Sitemap

"Someone, I say, will remember us in the future".
"Qualcuno, dico, si ricorderà di noi in futuro".

Saffo

The absence of women from the canon of Western art has been a subject of inquiry and reconsideration since the early 1970s.
Linda Nochlin's influential 1971 essay, "Why Have There Been No Great Women Artists?" examined the social and institutional barriers that blocked most women from entering artistic professions throughout history, prompted a new focus on women artists, their art and experiences, and contributed inspiration to the Feminist art movement.

Berthe Morisot ~ French Impressionist painter

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Ancient Art | Sitemap

Ancient Art refers to the many types of art produced by the advanced cultures of ancient societies with some form of writing, such as those of ancient China, India, Mesopotamia, Persia, Palestine, Egypt, Greece and Rome.
The art of pre-literate societies is normally referred to as prehistoric art and is not covered here.
Although some pre-Columbian cultures developed writing during the centuries before the arrival of Europeans, on grounds of dating these are covered at pre-Columbian art and articles such as Maya art, Aztec art, and Olmec art.