Marc Chagall | Les Offrandes, 1958

In his address delivered at the inauguration on 7 July 1973 - his 86th birthday - of the Musée national message biblique Marc Chagall in Nice, the artist described the meaning he found in Biblical stories:

“It has always seemed to me and still seems today the greatest source of poetry of all time.

Ever since then, I have searched for its reflection in life and in Art.

The Bible is like an echo of nature and this is the secret I have tried to convey”

- (quoted in J. Baal-Teshuva, ed., Chagall, A Retrospective, New York, 1995, p. 295).

Les Nabis | Art history and Sitemap

Ambitious decorative painting enjoyed a resurgence in Europe from the late 1880s through the early twentieth century.

In Paris, Pierre Bonnard, Maurice Denis and Édouard Vuillard were among the most influential artists to embrace decoration as painting’s primary function.

Their works celebrate pattern and ornament, challenge the boundaries that divide fine arts from crafts, and, in many cases, complement the interiors for which they were commissioned.

Disaffected with the rigidly representational painting methods taught at the Académie Julian, Bonnard and Denis joined with other like-minded students in the fall of 1888 to form a brotherhood called the “Nabis”, a Hebrew word meaning “prophets”.

Paul Sérusier - The Bois d'Amour à Pont-Aven / The Talisman (Le Talisman), 1888, Musée d'Orsay, Paris

Vincent van Gogh | Still lifes of Shoes

Vincent van Gogh painted several still lifes of shoes, primarily between 1886-1888.

He found beauty in worn-out, mud-covered boots, viewing them as symbols of the "scars of life" and the long journeys of the working class.

Step into Van Gogh’s world, one shoe at a time Shoes were an unusual subject in Van Gogh’s time.

Most artists painted elegant still lifes, often symbolizing wealth.

Modern Masters of 20th Century | Art Quotes

Salvador Dalí:

• "The first man to compare the cheeks of a young woman to a rose was obviously a poet; the first to repeat it was possibly an idiot".

"Il primo uomo a paragonare le guance di una giovane donna a una rosa era ovviamente un poeta; il primo a ripeterlo era forse un idiota".

Salvador Dalí | Couple aux têtes pleines de nuages, 1937

Paolo Troubetzkoy | Sculptor of the Belle Époque

The Italian sculptor and painter Paolo (prince) Troubetzkoy / Павел Петрович Трубецкой (1866-1938), born on the shores of Lake Maggiore, was the illegitimate child of a Russian diplomat and an American pianist and singer, living under an assumed identity until he was acknowledged with his brothers at the age of five.

He would succeed in transforming the circumstances of his birth into assets that would lead to a dazzling international career.

Jens Ferdinand Willumsen | Symbolist / Expressionist painter

Jens Ferdinand Willumsen (1863-1958) was a Danish painter, sculptor, graphic artist, architect and photographer.

He became associated with the movements of Symbolism and Expressionism.

J. F. Willumsen was born in Copenhagen, Denmark.

He was the son of Hans Willumsen and Ane Kirstine.

Giuseppe De Nittis | Impressionist painter

Giuseppe De Nittis (1846-1884) - printmaker, painter and draughtsman.

Born in Barletta in Apulia, De Nittis received his first artistic training from Giambattista Calò, a local painter, before moving to Naples in 1861 to attend the Istituto di Belle Arti.

He was expelled in 1863 for failing to conform to academic practice.

At that time, De Nittis' main interest was in experimenting with plein air painting.

Moses Levy | Post-Macchiaioli painter

Moses Levy (Tunisi, 1885 - Viareggio, 1968) was born in Tunis of a British father and an Italian mother.

His son is the Tunisian-based painter Nello Levy.

Moses trained in Italy - in Lucca, Florence and the studio of Giovanni Fattori - and was subsequently active in Viareggio.

He spent almost the whole of his life in Tunisia, but continued to travel frequently between the northern and southern shores of the Mediterranean.

He was a member of the Group of Four in Tunis in 1936, and the Group of Ten in 1947.

Silvestro Lega | Macchiaioli painter

Italian painter Silvestro Lega (1826-1895) was one of the leading artists of the Macchiaioli and was also involved with the Mazzini movement.

Lega was born in Modigliana, near Forlì, to an affluent family.

From 1838 he attended the Piarist College, where his skill at drawing became evident.

From 1843-1847 he attended the Accademia di Belle Arti, Florence, studying drawing under Benedetto Servolini (1805-79) and Tommaso Gazzarini (1790-1853), then studying painting, briefly, under Giuseppe Bezzuoli.

Antonio Ermolao Paoletti | Genre painter

Antonio Ermolao Paoletti (Venice, May 8, 1834 - Venice, December 13, 1912) was an Italian painter, mainly of Venetian genre scenes, recalling Bamboccianti life of children and women, as well as sacred fresco work for churches in the Veneto.

Antonio's father, Ermolao Paoletti, was a well known scholar and writer of Venice.

He wrote a much cited expansive guide to its architecture, monuments, artistic works, and customs.

Cesare Maggi | At least there's fire! / Almeno c'è il fuoco! 1898

An early work by Italian divisionist painter Cesare Maggi (1881-1961), "At least there's fire!" - signed and dated "Firenze 1898"- was one of two exhibited by the artist, not yet eighteen, at the fifty-second annual exhibition of the Society of Fine Arts in Florence (1898-1899).

John Ruskin: "All great and beautiful work has come of first gazing without shrinking into the darkness"

Quotes and paintings by John Ruskin

• "All great and beautiful work has come of first gazing without shrinking into the darkness".

• "Tutte le opere grandi e bellissime nascono dall’aver prima guardato, senza indietreggiare, nell'oscurità".

• "We blanch cotton, and strengthen steel, and refine sugar, and shape pottery; but to brighten, to strengthen, to refine, or to form a single living spirit, never enters into our estimate of advantages".

Henry Clive | Art Déco / Pin-up Illustrator

Henry Clive (born Clive O'Hara, 1883-1960) was a prominent Australian-born American graphic artist and illustrator, best known as a master of Art Déco and pin-up art.

He gained iconic status for his vibrant, idealized portraits of screen celebrities and "pretty girl" illustrations that defined the visual style of the Jazz Age.

Clive's paintings are prized by collectors, but are rare, as only a few are known to exist.

Giacomo Leopardi | Alla luna / To the moon, 1819

Caspar David Friedrich | The Dreamer, 1835 | The Hermitage, St. Petersburg

O graziosa luna, io mi rammento

Che, or volge l’anno, sovra questo colle

Io venia pien d’angoscia a rimirarti:

E tu pendevi allor su quella selva

Siccome or fai, che tutta la rischiari.

Wassily Kandinsky | Post-Impressionism period, 1896-1909

One of the pioneers of Abstraction in Western art, Wassily Kandinsky's (1866-1944) early work was influenced by Art Nouveau, Impressionist and Post-Impressionist styles.

The number of his existing paintings increased at the beginning of the 20th century; much remains of the landscapes and towns he painted, using broad swaths of colour and recognisable forms.

Such works reveal Kandinsky’s strong interest in the tradition of capturing light and the life of cities evident in Impressionism and Post-Impressionism, as well as his love of vibrant and expressive color.

Johann Wolfgang Goethe | Per l'Anno Nuovo / For the New Year

Andy Warhol | Johann Wolfgang Goethe, 1982

Tra il vecchio e il nuovo,

la sorte dona

queste ore liete;

e il passato impone

d’aver fiducia

a guardare avanti

e a guardare indietro.

Gabriele D'Annunzio | Rimani! / Stay!

Antonio Sgarbossa, 1945

Rimani! Riposati accanto a me.

Non te ne andare.

Io ti veglierò. Io ti proteggerò.

Ti pentirai di tutto fuorchè d'essere venuto a me, liberamente, fieramente.

Ti amo. Non ho nessun pensiero che non sia tuo;

non ho nel sangue nessun desiderio che non sia per te.

When Christmas was prohibit

A 1931 edition of the Soviet magazine Bezbozhnik, published by the League of Militant Atheists, depicting an Orthodox Christian priest being forbidden to take home a tree for the celebration of Christmastide, which was banned under the Marxist-Leninist doctrine of state atheism.

While Christmas is celebrated globally, throughout history, various nations and regions have banned Christmas celebrations for religious, political, or ideological reasons.

These bans ranged from 17th-century religious reformations to 20th-century state-sponsored atheism.

Even today, in 2025, there are nations that maintain strict bans or significant restrictions on Christmas celebrations.

Norman Rockwell's Silent Night: A Visual Symphony of Holiday Humanity

Norman Rockwell's (1894-1978) skilled hand captured the most heartwarming holiday moments as no one else could.

Over his career, he produced nearly 30 Christmas-themed covers for The Saturday Evening Post, The Literary Digest and numerous others for publications like McCall's and Boys' Life, as well as for cards and advertisements.

Charles-Clos Olsommer | Art Nouveau painter

Of French origin, Charles-Clos Olsommer (1883-1966) in Sierre, Switzerland, is naturalized in Neuchâtel in 1899.

He studied painting at the Art School in La Chaux-de-Fonds from 1901-1902 Professor Charles L'Eplattenier.

He attended the Kunstgewerbeschule in Munich (1902-1903) and the School of Fine Arts of Geneva (1904-1905).

He settled permanently in Veyras in 1912. He created there, in a style out of common, the totality of his works.